Basic Sciences

Blog for Ophthalmology Residents & Fellows

Basic Sciences

The fundamentals that underpin clinical ophthalmology — ocular anatomy, the blood-ocular barrier, drug delivery systems, and other basic science topics every resident needs early on.

Blood Ocular Barrier (BOB)

Basics of Blood Ocular Barrier

Ocular Drug Delivery System

Ocular Drug Delivery System

Anatomy of An Angle

Detailed Image of Anatomy of an Angle

Red Eye

Red Eye Flowchart

Basic Eye Examination

Basic Eye Examination Tutorials

Iris Nodules

Iris Nodules and It's Pathology

Inside Retinal Layers

Some Important Facts on Retinal Layers

Eye Injection

Types of injections of the eyeball and types of corneal vascularization

Canthotomy, AC Tap & Pupil Exam

Step-by-step bedside procedures for residents

Ocular Pharmacology

High-yield drug guide for residents

History & Case Presentation

How to take a history and present a case

Retinoscopy Tips

With, against, neutral and astigmatism

Jackson Cross-Cylinder

Axis first, then power

Prentice's Rule

Induced prism, worked examples

Vertex Distance

Formula and contact lens conversion

Duochrome Test

Red Add Minus, Green Add Plus

Eye Embryology Made Easy

Four rules to remember it all

Biostatistics for Ophthalmology

Sensitivity, NNT, bias, trials

Orbital Anatomy Made Easy

Walls, fissures, muscles, mnemonics

Clinical Optics Made Easy

Five ideas, no fear

Lasers Made Easy

Every laser in one table

Made Easy Series

11 ready reckoners