Neuro-ophthalmology

Case-based notes on neuro-ophthalmology — pupil workup, optic neuritis, optic disc edema and its differential, and more. Written for residents and fellows preparing for exams and clinical practice.

Anisocoria: A Practical Workup

Light-vs-dark localization, Horner syndrome, and CN III palsy red flags

Optic Neuritis: Typical vs Atypical

The ONTT, current AQP4/MOG antibody testing, and 2024 McDonald criteria

Papilledema vs Pseudopapilledema

OCT-based differentiation and current imaging tools

Optic Disc Edema: A Differential

Bilateral vs unilateral swelling, and the key mimics to rule out

3rd, 4th & 6th Nerve Palsies

Pupil-involving vs sparing CN III, and the head-tilt test for CN IV

Giant Cell Arteritis

The emergency you can't miss — current 2022 ACR/EULAR criteria

Visual Field Defect Localization

Pre-chiasmal, chiasmal, and post-chiasmal patterns

Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia

Why MRI can miss it, and why the exam finding is the real test

Nystagmus: A Classification Approach

Infantile vs acquired, and the patterns that always need imaging

Electro-Oculography

Electro-Oculography Facts