How to Write an Ophthalmology Case Report
Last updated: October 2026
Short answer: a publishable ophthalmology case report describes something genuinely new or instructive, follows the CARE reporting guidelines, includes written patient consent for publication, and uses clear, de-identified images. Keep it short, focus on what the reader can learn, and choose a reputable, appropriate journal.
Is the case worth reporting?
- A rare condition, or a rare presentation of a common one
- An unexpected association, complication or drug side effect
- A new diagnostic sign, imaging finding or treatment approach
- A case that teaches an important lesson (for example, a missed diagnosis)
- Search the literature first; if many similar cases exist, your report needs a new angle.
Standard structure (CARE guidelines)
| Section | What to include |
|---|---|
| Title | The diagnosis or key finding, plus "case report" |
| Abstract | Brief background, case summary, and the main lesson |
| Introduction | Why this case matters, in a few sentences |
| Case presentation | History, examination, investigations, treatment and outcome, ideally in time order |
| Discussion | Comparison with published cases, what is new, and the limitations |
| Conclusion | The practical take-home message |
| Patient consent | A statement that written informed consent for publication was obtained |
Images
- Use high-quality clinical photographs, OCT scans and angiograms, with arrows marking key findings.
- Remove names, dates of birth and hospital numbers from every image, including scan printouts.
- Avoid identifiable faces unless the patient has specifically consented to that use.
Choosing a journal
- Options that publish ophthalmology case reports include the Indian Journal of Ophthalmology – Case Reports, American Journal of Ophthalmology Case Reports and BMJ Case Reports, among others.
- Check the journal's scope, indexing, publication fees and author instructions before you write.
- Avoid predatory journals: be wary of unsolicited emails, promises of very fast acceptance, and journals not indexed in recognised databases.
Writing tips
- Keep it short; many journals limit case reports to around 1,000–1,500 words. Check the instructions.
- Write the take-home message first, then make every section support it.
- Have a senior colleague read the draft before submission.
Frequently asked questions
Do I need patient consent for a case report?
Yes. Most journals require written informed consent for publication from the patient (or guardian), and many ask you to confirm it in the manuscript.
What are the CARE guidelines?
International guidelines for writing case reports, with a checklist covering the title, abstract, timeline, case details, discussion and patient consent.
How do I avoid predatory journals?
Be cautious of unsolicited invitations, very fast acceptance promises and journals not indexed in recognised databases. Check the journal's indexing and editorial board before submitting.
Related: thesis topics, case presentation and free journals.
📘 Want more exam-ready material? See Ophthalmology Explorer on Kindle, or browse all my books.
Looking for an eye specialist in Ahmedabad? Learn about our Eye Department or book a consultation with Dr. Dhaval Patel.