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Corneal Transplant

Types of graft, recovery and rejection warning signs

A corneal transplant (keratoplasty) replaces a damaged or cloudy cornea with healthy donor tissue from an eye donor. It can restore sight in conditions such as corneal scarring after infection or injury, keratoconus and Fuchs dystrophy. Corneal grafts are among the most successful transplants in medicine.

Types of corneal transplant

  • Penetrating keratoplasty (PK): the full thickness of the central cornea is replaced and stitched in place.
  • Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK): only the front layers are replaced, keeping your own inner layer; used for keratoconus and scars, with no risk of inner-layer rejection.
  • Endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK or DSAEK): only the thin inner layer is replaced, held in place with an air or gas bubble; used for Fuchs dystrophy and corneal swelling, with faster recovery.

Recovery

  • Vision improves slowly over weeks to months; after PK it can take a year or more and stitches are removed in stages.
  • Steroid drops are used for many months, sometimes for life, to prevent rejection. Do not stop them without advice.
  • After DMEK or DSAEK you may need to lie on your back for a day or two so the bubble holds the graft.
  • Protect the eye from knocks; wear glasses or a shield. Avoid rubbing.
  • Glasses or contact lenses are usually needed for the best vision.

Rejection warning signs: remember RSVP

  • Redness
  • Sensitivity to light
  • Vision getting worse
  • Pain

Rejection can happen at any time, even years later. If treated early with intensive steroid drops, most rejection episodes can be reversed. Come the same day.

Eye donation

Corneal transplants depend on eye donors. Anyone can pledge to donate their eyes after death, regardless of age or spectacle power. Read our eye donation FAQ.

Frequently asked questions

How long does a corneal transplant last?

Many grafts last 10 to 20 years or more. Layered grafts (DALK, DMEK) have lower rejection rates.

Is corneal transplant painful?

It is done under local or general anaesthesia. Afterwards discomfort is usually mild.

Will I need glasses after a transplant?

Usually yes. Astigmatism is common after full-thickness grafts and may need glasses, contact lenses or further treatment.

How long is the waiting time for a cornea in India?

It depends on the eye bank and the urgency. Eye donation awareness helps reduce waiting times.

Related: Eye Donation Awareness FAQ, C3R Treatment for Keratoconus, Eye Injury & Emergency Treatment Ahmedabad.

This leaflet gives general information and does not replace advice from your own eye doctor. Reviewed by Dr. Dhaval Patel, MD (Ophthalmology, AIIMS New Delhi), November 2026.

Questions about this?

Sadbhaav Eye & Dental Clinic, Motera, Ahmedabad. Dr. Dhaval Patel, MD (AIIMS New Delhi). Monday to Saturday, 10 am to 1 pm and 5 pm to 8 pm. For a serious eye injury outside clinic hours, go to the nearest eye hospital or emergency department.

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