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Diabetic retinopathy develops when prolonged high blood sugar damages the blood vessels in the retina — a leading cause of vision loss in people with diabetes, and one where regular screening genuinely prevents blindness in most cases.

Diabetic retinopathy often has no symptoms in its early stages, which is exactly why annual dilated eye exams are recommended for every diabetic patient regardless of how well vision seems. The sooner it's caught, the easier — and more effective — treatment is.
Laser photocoagulation is a well-established treatment: focused laser energy seals leaking vessels or shrinks the abnormal new blood vessels that form in advanced disease, and has been shown to meaningfully reduce the risk of severe vision loss. For diabetic macular edema, anti-VEGF injections into the eye can reduce swelling and stabilise or improve vision. In more advanced cases with bleeding or scar tissue, vitrectomy surgery may be needed.
Laser treatment is done in-office, usually over one or more sessions, and vision is typically blurry for the rest of the day afterward. Good blood sugar and blood pressure control remains important even after successful treatment, since it directly affects whether retinopathy progresses further.
Dr. Dhaval Patel, MD (Ophthalmology, AIIMS New Delhi), screens and manages diabetic retinopathy with modern retinal imaging to catch changes early. Read our patient guide on diabetes and the eye, or learn about Dr. Patel's credentials and experience.
Living with diabetes and due for an eye check? Book a consultation or message us on WhatsApp.
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